jueves, 1 de enero de 2009
miércoles, 24 de diciembre de 2008
Navidad en Viena
lunes, 22 de diciembre de 2008
Vienna
Jews in Vienna: Hilter´s Anti-Semitic Rhetoric Puerly Political
Some of you will find this information very revealing, others can continue to believe their spoon-fed lies.
Of course, Mein Kampf must not be read as an autobiography in the sense of its author dealing with his own past, or as a confession in which he worked through his experiences. The book is clearly a work of political propaganda, in which a power-hungry politician on the rise buttresses his political slogans and builds them up through a fitting life story to form a weltanschauung.
In Mein Kampf Hitler created an organically grown anti-Semitic career for himself with politically convenient anti-Semitic images in its key scenes. Thus the book must also be read as the developmental history of a Germanic leader who found the right when he was young.
However, reality, as it emerges from the reports of Viennese eye witnesses, has little to do with the myths Mein Kampf purports. Apart from the special case of August Kubizek, no anti-Semitic remark by the young Hitler has been documented.
Reinhold Hanisch, clearly an anti-Semite, was incredulous when he heard that Hitler, (of all people), was an extreme, anti-Semitic politician in the thirties. After all, Hanisch and Hitler had their falling out in the men's hostel in 1910 because Hitler turned entirely to his Jewish friends Josef Neumann and Siegfried Löffner. In the thirties, in his anger Hanisch revealed Hitler's youth as anything but anti-Semitic in order to discredit Hitler as a politician.
Hanisch is by no means alone in his assertions. Anonymous from Brünn also wrote, in 1912 : "Hitler got along extremely well with Jews. He once said they were an intelligent people that stuck together more than the Germans."
Rudolf Häusler, the colleague in the men's hostel, was at a loss when his daughter questioned him about the anti-Semitism of his then twenty-three- to twenty-four-year-old friend Adolf. Häusler told her that he had not noticed anything of the kind in
The Viennese eyewitnesses remembered unanimously that Hitler's dealings with Jews had been quite natural. For example, Jakob Wasserberg from
It is worthy of note that among all the stories of his sufferings in
let us briefly recapitulate young Hitler's encounters with Jews in
When in 1908 anti-Semitic smear campaigns at the Vienna Opera were raging against former director Gustav Mahler, Hitler continued to admire Mahler as a Wagner interpreter. Accompanied by Kubizek, nineteen-year-old Hitler witnessed the family life and culture of an educated Jewish middle-class family during music making in the house of the Jahodas ; he was deeply impressed and did not utter the slightest anti-Semitic remark.
Furthermore, he had every reason to be grateful to Jewish benefactors. When he was homeless in 1909 -and probably earlier and later as well-he profited from Jewish social institutions in many ways, from public Warmestuben to soup kitchens and Jewish citizens' donations to the homeless shelter in Meidling and the men's hostel in Brigittenau.
In the men's hostel, Hitler had mainly Jewish friends, which made Hanisch very angry. His best friend, the religious Jew Neumann, a trained copper polisher, gave him a coat when he had nothing to wear and lent him money. Hitler disappeared with him from the men's hostel for a week. Hanisch's comment: "Neumann was a goodhearted man who liked Hitler very much and whom Hitler of course highly esteemed."
Hitler also discussed issues concerning anti-Semitism and Zionism with Neumann -by no means contemptuously as he did with the Social Democratic colleagues in the men's hostel, but jokingly, in a friendly way. He even went so far as to defend Heine, who was under anti-Semitic attack, to quote Lessing's "Parable of the Ring," and to acknowledge the achievements of Jewish composers, such as Mendelssohn and Offenbach.
Siegfried Löffner from Moravia, a Jewish colleague at the men's hostel, even dragged Hitler's archenemy, Hanisch, to the police to report him for defrauding Hitler. The Jewish locksmith Simon Robinson from
Karl Honisch mentions an additional Jewish acquaintance in the men's hostel in 1913, Rudolf Redlich from
Hitler sold his paintings almost exclusively to Jewish dealers: Morgenstern, landsberger, and Altenberg. Hanisch writes: "The Christian dealers. ..didn't pay any better than the Jews. Besides, they only bought more material when they had disposed of the first shipment, while the Jewish dealers continued to buy whether they had sold anything or not."
When the NSDAP archive searched for early Hitler paintings in 1938, they still found unsold pieces both in Morgenstern's and Altenberg's stores, after more than twenty-five years.
Hanisch writes: "Hitler often said that it was only with the Jews that one could do business, because only they were willing to take chances."
Frame manufacturer Jakob Altenberg from
Young Hitler's exceptional contacts with Jews may also be an indication that he considered the Jews to be "something better."
As Kubizek reports, in the Opera's standing room he had the opportunity to observe the Jews' particularly great cultural interest. Hitler was familiar with the different figures for Christian and Jewish students at the universities, as well as the popular jokes about the "intelligent," "intellectual" Jews who easily got the better of the "nice" Christians.
In the men's hostel he expressed his approval of Jewish tradition, which had managed to preserve the purity of the "Jewish race" for thousands of years. It should be remembered that in the work of list and Lanz von Liebenfels it is not the alien race that is dangerous and ruinous, but only the mixing of races, which decreases the value of the Aryan "noble people" and therefore should be avoided at all cost.
As late as 1930 Hitler talked extensively about the Jews' ability to preserve their race by way of religion and strict rules, among them, the prohibition of marriages with non-Jews. Hitler directly continued list's theories when he told Wagner: Through Moses the Jewish people received a rule for life and living one's life that was elevated to a religion which was entirely tailored toward the essence of one's race, and simply and clearly, without dogmas and dubious rules of faith, soberly and absolutely realistically contains what served the future and self-preservation of the children of Israel.
Everything is geared toward the well being of one's own people, nothing toward consideration of others.
After further explanations, Hitler arrived at the conclusion that "we. ..no doubt have to recognize with admiration this incredible strength of the Jews' preservation of their race".
Hitler adopted Jewish "purity of race" as nothing less than a model for his own weltanschauung regarding the necessity of the racial purity of Aryans.
domingo, 21 de diciembre de 2008
Dubrovnik
Published: October 30, 1991
The people of
Some 50,000 men, women and children are still in
The city, which dates from the 7th century, has been under siege by
The residents line up to get their daily ration of 1.3 gallons of water per family from a fire truck in the Stradun, the city's marble main street.
Outside the baroque cathedral the townspeople jostle one another to get powdered milk, rice and cornflakes being dispensed from the back of a truck.
"Just look at me," said Mladen, a 15-year-old boy, pointing to bruises on his face and neck, souvenirs of a lost fight with a group of middle-aged women to get food supplies.
"People waste a whole day waiting in line for milk and potatoes and then at night sit in the dark," said Liljana Crnjak, 30, a shop owner. "If you have a candle, you can read at night."
Like many others in the city of winding medieval streets and 16th-century colonnades and buildings, she never imagined the war in
"When I watched the war on television it was like watching a terrible program from another country," she said.
More than 1,000 Croatians have been killed since
Fighting in rebel
The historic center of
But the plight of the city's residents could worsen. A fireman dispensing water to an eager crowd said there was only enough drinking water for two more weeks. "We don't like to think about what will happen when the water runs out," said Stanka Kordello, head of the local Red Cross.
lunes, 24 de noviembre de 2008
Belgrado, Serbia
Belgrado (en serbio Beograd, la Ciudad Blanca, escrito en alfabeto cirílico Београд), es la capital de la República de Serbia y la ciudad más grande y populosa del territorio de la antigua Yugoslavia.
Situada en la confluencia del río Sava con el Danubio y en el límite de la Llanura panónica con la Península Balcánica, Belgrado se extiende por una superficie de 3.222,68 km² que ocupan el 3.6% del territorio de la República. El área metropolitana alberga a una población de 1.576.801 habitantes1 2 que representa el 21% de la población serbia,3 4 siendo por ello también la cuarta ciudad más poblada del sureste de Europa, después de Estambul, Atenas y Bucarest.
Belgrado dispone, de acuerdo a la Constitución, de un estatus especial separado dentro de la organización administrativa de la República de Serbia por el que se articula la representación ciudadana mediante un sistema de gobierno autónomo dividido en varios cuerpos5 que son la Asamblea de la Ciudad, la Alcaldía y el Consejo, siendo cada uno de los 17 municipios en los que se divide, administrado por un consejo propio.6
Belgrado, como capital de la República de Serbia, es sede de los principales Organismos e Instituciones del Estado serbio, así como de las universidades y establecimientos de investigación más importantes. Es el motor económico del país, con un sector agrario singular, y principal centro para la difusión de la cultura serbia.
Belgrado es una de las ciudades más antiguas de Europa con una historia que se remonta en casi 7000 años y con frecuencia convulsionada al ser escenario de los enfrentamientos entre las potencias que dominaron sucesivamente la región. Los primeros asentamientos aparecieron con la cultura prehistórica de Vinča hacia el 4800 a. C. En el siglo III a. C. se asentaron los celtas, y más tarde, los romanosfundaron la ciudad de Singidunum.7 8 Los primeros documentos donde consta el nombre eslavo Beligrad datan del año 878. En el 1284 pasa a manos de serbios en Sirmia, y a partir de 1403, la del Despotado de Serbia. Más tarde también fue capital del Principado de Serbia, convertido en Reino de Serbia en 1882, así como de las diferentes variaciones estatales de Yugoslavia entre 1918 y 2003, y de laConfederación de Serbia y Montenegro hasta el 2006.9